Nephrology and Infectious Diseases

Viral & Bacterial Infectious Disease

Viral and bacterial infectious diseases are major global health concerns, differing in their biological characteristics and treatment approaches. Viruses, such as influenza, HIV, and COVID-19, invade host cells to replicate, often leading to acute or chronic illnesses. Bacterial infections, like tuberculosis, streptococcus, and salmonella, involve single-celled organisms that can proliferate in various body tissues, causing localized or systemic diseases. Treatment strategies vary: antiviral medications target viral replication mechanisms, while antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria outright. Addressing these diseases requires robust vaccination programs, antimicrobial stewardship, and public health measures to prevent transmission and manage outbreaks effectively.