13^th Global Infections Conference

 A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.

Bacteria are living things that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. They are so small that a line of 1,000 could fit across a pencil eraser. Most bacteria won't hurt you - less than 1 percent of the different types make people sick. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese.

Fungal infections are common throughout much of the natural world. In humans, fungal infections occur when an invading fungus takes over an area of the body and is too much for the immune system to handle. Fungi can live in the air, soil, water, and plants. There are also some fungi that live naturally in the human body. Like many microbes, there are helpful fungi and harmful fungi. 

A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of both organism and host. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals.

Antimicrobial resistance is threatening the management of infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS. In the past, resistance could be handled by development of new drugs active against resistant microbes. However, the pharmaceutical industry has reduced its research efforts in infections; genomics has not delivered the anticipated novel therapeutics; new regulatory requirements have increased costs; antibiotic use in common infections—eg, bronchitis and sinusitis—is questioned; and, compared with other drugs, return on investments is lower for antimicrobials. 

STD stands for "sexually transmitted disease." STDs are infections that are passed on through the close, intimate contact that usually accompanies sexual activities. Some common STDs include the following: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Chlamydia.

Emerging infectious diseases are infections that have recently appeared within a population or those whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase in the near future. 

Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. The diseases are less prevalent in temperate climates, due in part to the occurrence of a cold season, which controls the insect population by forcing hibernation. However, many were present in northern Europe and northern America in the 17th and 18th centuries before modern understanding of disease causation. The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonialists, notably in India under the British Raj. Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or vector. 

Bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infections are all types of infectious diseases that can make your child sick and are reason for concern. These illnesses need to be treated by specialists who are committed to preventing and treating acute and chronic infectious diseases including HIV and AIDS.

The most common and serious vaccine-preventable diseases tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO) are: diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus, tuberculosis, and yellow fever.

Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical (rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology. It is an essential, though often under recognized and under supported, part of the infrastructure of health care. 

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants.

Communicable diseases” means infectious diseases which spread from one person to another by contact (air, water,saliva, blood etc) and Non-communicable diseases” means which are not spread from one to another but affect health in large numbers causing public health issues.

The Molecular Bacteriology section in the Department of Medical Microbiology performs fundamental, translational and application-oriented research on the very diverse roles of bacteria in human health and disease. The main objective is to develop novel approaches for the prevention, detection or treatment of diseases caused by important bacterial human pathogens that are especially threatening to very young, elderly or immune-compromised individuals.

The most important causes of sepsis are pneumonias, followed by intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections actually, the high use of endovascular prosthesis and devices represent an important risk factor of infection and its complications. Bacteria are the most common cause of sepsis, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. are the most common Gram-positive isolates, while  are the most represented among Gram-negative isolates.