Biography:

Abstract:

Objectives: HIV epidemiology has changed in the past decade and attitude towards the disease may also have changed. We conducted a survey to compare medical students’ attitudes towards HIV/AIDS in the recent years (2014-2017) to a decade ago (2007-2010).

Methods: From 2007-2010, we surveyed three cohorts of medical students at the end of clinical training to assess their attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. From 2014-2017, we surveyed another three cohorts of medical students finishing clinical training to compare changes in attitudes towards HIV/AIDS over a decade.

Results: From 2007-2010, 546 students were surveyed and from 2014-2017, 504 students were surveyed. All participants were included in the analysis. Significantly less students in recent years were exposed to HIV patients for the first time during their HIV clinic attachment (72% vs 39%, odds ratio (OR) 0.25, 95% CI 0.18-0.34). Significantly more students planned to specialize in HIV medicine (2% vs 11%, odds ratio (OR) 9.46, 95% CI 4.75-18.84), while significantly less students prefer not to work in a field involving HIV/AIDS (17% vs 11%, odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.4-0.83). Willingness of students to provide HIV care remained the same, with 22% of students unwilling to provide care.

Conclusions: Despite more positive attitudes of future doctors towards HIV/AIDS in relation to career choice, the willingness of future doctors to provide HIV care has remained unchanged in the past decade.

 

Biography:

Mr.Arunkumar G has been completed his Pharmacy education from the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gvt.Medical College, Trivandrum , India. He has done so many inventions in the field of modern medicine and mostly through microbiology. 

Abstract:

Mobile phone radiation exposure for long term is harmful to human beings and other living system. Nowadays antibiotic resistance is the common tragedy in our modern allopathic treatment especially in the case of Tuberculosis. This study was based on the effect of mobile phone radiation on the antibiotic sensitivity in Escherichia Coli. The difference in sensitivity of E.Coli that exposed to mobile phone radiation were studied. The mechanism of resistance of these pathogenic bacteria has to be found out as soon as possible for improved patient care. This study may be repeated with other type of micro organisms, both gram positive and gram negative with other antibiotics for further investigations. This study has found that, such radio frequency radiation exposed E.Coli shows decreased sensitivity than other non-radiatedE.Coli towards Gentamycin. Anyway this topic helps to take preventive measures to withstand our healthy living system and it is the gateway to conclude the relationships and changes of microorganisms due to our natural environmental Electromagnetic fields.

This study throws light in to resistance developed by micro organisms to normally used antibiotics. This research indicates that, the organisms achieve resistance not only due to the numerous commonly known reasons, patient’s non compliance, etc but also due to invitro exposure of RF waves. Now our world has been surrounded by numerous mobile phone towers & this may cause serious health

problems. All of them may know about some hazardous effects of mobile tower and mobile phone radiation but not known about this effects on drugs through micro organisms. Due to the single cell structure, the micro organisms absorb radiation through their entire surface, which were surrounded by mobile tower radiation. When a healthy individual infected with micro organisms which has previously developed resistance or any change in susceptibility from its environment, it may cause failure to response of the individual to the normally used drugs or its dose. On the basis of this study, further research should be necessary about the hazardous effects of the mobile phone radiation to the pathogenic gram positive & gram negative bacteria, virus and fungus. Then only this study will achieve the success in protection of human health. 

Biography:

Employed in Ethiopian Public Health Institute in 2007 GC

Educational Background: Biology (BSc) from Dilla University,Tropical and Infectious Disease (MSc) and PhDc in Addis Ababa University,Guest Researcher Fellowship at CDC lab Atlanta, USA for one and half months,Guest Researcher Fellowship at University of South Florida (USF) lab, USA for two months,

Work experience: Ten (10) years work experience at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) since 2007 GC until know Current Position: Malaria and Neglected tropical Diseases Team Leader, Head for Malaria RDT QA and Onchocerciasis Molecular Laboratory and Researcher 1

 

Abstract:

Ethiopia is among the sub-Saharan African countries successful in reducing malaria burden in the last decade. The Government of Ethiopia launched elimination strategy taking advantage of this reduction in line with the commitment of African leaders to attain malaria elimination in 2030. However, unlike other settings Ethiopia requires additional efforts to achieve this ambitious elimination plan in due to the co-existence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax. The current case management mainly target both species. Despite the previous reports of the existence of the other two human malaria parasites including P. ovale and P. malariae in the past, there is no adequate and current information in this regard. This is, therefore, to describe the existence of P. ovale and P. malariae using an advanced molecular technique that helps to investigate Plasmodium spp. in Limu Kossa District, Jimma Zone, and Southwestern Ethiopia. A total of 180 serum samples were collected from three villages located in Limu Kossa District, 400 Km southwestern Ethiopia during October 2016. Longitudinal follow up and monitoring performance malaria elimination program was underway for the last years in Arengama 1, Arengama 2 and Konche villages. Serum was prepared from whole blood collected from the residents to investigate the presence of human malaria parasite marker antibodies. The investigation was conducted using LUMINEX, which is an advanced technique as briefly described below. Serum samples (1µl) diluted with 399 µl of 30ml buffer B and 20µlof 6mg/ml E.coli extracts and incubated for 1 hrs at 37 oC and stored at 4oC overnight. Next morning the Luminex plate pre wetted with 200ul PBST buffer and empty with vacuum. The tubes with coupled beads solution with each of the 7 different malaria antigens (CSP (5), AMA1 (33), PfMSP1 (36), PvMSP1 (91), PmMSP1 (16), PoMSP1 (45), LSA1 (23)) were mixed with vortex and from each antigen coupled beads solution 15ul transferred to conical tube and mixed with 5ml buffer.  The antigen coupled beads and buffer-A solution poured to the tray and 50µl transferred to all wells of the Luminex plate using multichannel pipette and washed twice with 100ul of PBST, vacuumed and 50µl of sera dilution added in duplicate plate well followed by incubation for 1 hour and 30 minutes at room temperature on a shaker. After incubation the plate washed with PBST buffer, vacuumed and 50 µl of secondary antibody buffer A solution added to each well using multichannel pipette and incubated for 45 minutes at room temperature on a shaker.  The procedure followed by plate wash, vacuum and 50µl strepavidin-phycoerythrin and buffer A solution added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour on a shaker. The plate washed with 100µl of PBST, vacuumed and 50ul of buffer A added to each well and incubated for 30 min at room temperature on a shaker. The last step was the plate washed and 125µl of PBS-PH 7.2 added to each well, incubated for 2 minutes and followed by immediate load on the calibrated and programmed Luminex machine and run the experiments.

Among 180 samples processed four human malaria parasites were detected using the state-of-the art technique. Plasmodium falciparum accounted most of the antibodies detected. More interestingly, antibodies of both P. ovale and P. malariae were identified in the present analysis. Details of the findings of laboratory analysis are presented in Table 1 below. The Cumulative exposure history over the last five years for Pf MSP1 and AMA was 39.4%(n=71) and the recent exposure history over the last 12 months for Pf CSP and Pf LSA antigens was 11.1% (n=20).

Our preliminary finding from the field demonstrated the significant exposure history of study participants to all plasmodium species using LUMINEX. The present result showing the existence of recent exposure to P. malariae and P. ovale remains a challenge for malaria control and elimination strategy.

This local findings call for performing large scale survey and redefining the Plasmodium species composition to well inform the National Malaria Control Program in improving malaria microscopy in the country.

 

Biography:

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: To understand hepatitis B infection in Jinchang Cohort. To explore the influence factors of abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT in the anti-HBs positive population without a history of hepatitis and provide the basic evidence for it´s prevention.     Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In 44,169 objects from the Jinchang Cohort during June 2011 to December 2013, And to investigate the detection rates of abnormal levels of alaninetransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) by analyzing various demographic characteristics, dietetic behaviors and living habits, occupational exposures, and lipid metabolic indexes in the anti-HBs positive population without a history of hepatitis within Jinchang Cohort.

Conclusion & Significance: The positive rates of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, and HBsAb were 4.66%, 0.42%, 15.64%, and 62.31%, respectively and HBV infection rate was 28.25%, which was higher among males than females,and it peaked in the 60-69 years age group (31.63%) and while with the education level increasing, the infection rate of HBV was gradually decreased. Monthly average family income was protective against abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT.The positive rates of HbsAg+HbeAb+ HBcAb and HbsAg+HbeAg+HbcAb  were 3.74% and 0.41%, respectively. Detection rates of abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT were 18.20%, 11.14%, and 16.64%, respectively, in the cohort, and 16.20%, 9.87%, and 14.86%, respectively, in the anti-HBs positive population without a history of hepatitis. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, TG, TC, UA, and LDL-C were correlated to abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT in the anti-HBs positive population within Jinchang Cohort. The risk of abnormal levels of GGT increased with alcohol drinking index. The risk of abnormal levels of ALT was higher in the iron and sulfur dioxide exposure group than the unexposed group. The risk of abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT was directly related to lipid metabolic indexes, and showed an obvious dose-response relationship with BMI, TG, TC, LDH-C, and UA,and while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increasing, the detection rates of abnormal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT was gradually decreased, which showing the obviously dose-response relationship.

Key word: Jinchang Cohort, Hepatitis B infection, Hepatic enzyme, Lipid,metabolic indexes, Multivariate analysis

 

Biography:

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: To confirm high-risk population of cholecystitis and gallstone by calculating the prevalence and incidence of cholecystitis and gallstone in Jinchang cohort, and to reveal the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and cholecystitis gallstones, cholecystitis gallstones and diabetes mellitus (DM), in order to provide science basis for prevention and treatment of related diseases deeply in Jinchang cohort. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Populations in baseline and follow-up were selected as subjects for this study. Through descriptive study, we study the prevalence and incidence of cholecystitis and gallstone. Logistic and Cox regression were used to analyze the effects of different HBV infection status on cholecystitis and gallstone and different state of cholecystitis gallstone on DM by estimating the odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), based on Jinchang cohort. Conclusion & Significance: The prevalence of cholecystitis in the Jinchang cohort was 10.20% overall, 13.40% in females, and 8.17% in males. The incidence of cholecystitis in the Jinchang cohort was 6.32% overall, 8.50% in females, and 5.50% in males. Compared with the non-infection HBV, HBV infection replication would increase the risk of cholecystitis, the OR (95%CI) were 1.27(1.11-1.46) overall, 1.40(1.16-1.67) in males. Compared with the control group, HBV carriers would increase the risk of incidence of gallstone and the HR (95%CI) was 1.30(1.07-1.57) in males. Compared with non-infection HBV, HBV infection replication would also increase the risk of incidence of cholecystitis and the HR (95%CI) were 1.54(1.26-1.87) overall, 1.81(1.41-2.32) in males. Compared with no gallstones group, gallstones also would increase the risk of incidence of DM. The HR (95%CI) were 1.46(1.22-1.76) in males, 2.81(2.25-3.51) in females, 1.83(1.59-2.10) overall. 

 

Biography:

My name is Lamin Ceesay a Gambian and a person living with HIV, I was diagnosed in October (1998). I joined Santa Yalla Support Society in January 1999. I declared my status during World AIDS Day December 2000. I started advocating for universal access to Prevention, treatment Care and Support for people living with HIV from December 2000 to date.

 

Abstract:

Introduction:As a Person living with HIV (PLHIV) I speak frequently in public about the challenges faced by PLHIV, especially Women and Girls who face serious problems of stigma and discrimination. We need to address stigma and discrimination by developing a stigma reduction strategy, demystify ignorance and the fear of AIDS.

I also believe that we PLHIV are best placed to stop the further spread of the Virus by disclosing our status and create more awareness among individuals and communities of the need for behavior change. We need to promote correct and consistent use of condoms to prevent the spread of the virus.

Santa Yalla organizes training workshops on HIV for our members to create awareness about positive living for PLHIV. People want to know if I am still having sex and if yes, with whom and they want to know whether my children know my HIV status.

We also conduct community HIV sensitizations meetings. We invite five villages in one forum. We meet with the village chiefs and elders and explain our mission and agreed with the chiefs that each Village should come with two elderly Men, two elderly Women, three boys and three girls, and they will all assemble in the bigger Village in that surrounding, and if the village chiefs agreed we select and agreed on a date for the meeting, and they should announce it to every-body in their communities. After all these we will do a follow up to see if the announcement have reached everyone to attend the meeting, and in the meeting we will invite an Imam and a Pastor to do the opening prayers to bless the occasion.

After the opening prayers, the introduction is done by the Program Manager, followed by presentation by a PLHIV during which we cover: HIV/AIDS and STIs, HIV counseling & testing, importance of PMTCT, HIV Stigma and Discrimination, Care and Support for PLHIV.

We provide counseling & testing with partners. We do the counseling and our partner provides testing services. Taking this approach, we have made a lot of progress; a high number of people now know their HIV status.

Follow up after testing is also conducted to those who tested positive to support them enrolls into care and into the HIV Support Groups.

Conclusion:For effective response to the HIV & AIDS epidemic, concerted efforts are required and PLHIVs actively participate in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the HIV program.

 

Biography:

Abstract:

Surveillance of healthcare associated infections in India: current gaps

In India, accurate estimates of the burden of healthcare associated infections are limited by the absence of reliable and routine standardized surveillance data. Published reports of healthcare associated infections are mostly from individual health facilities and include short term prospective studies and point prevalence surveys conducted in selected patient units of large hospitals. These indicate a prevalence of healthcare associated infections ranging from 7 to 18 per 100 patients, which is similar to that reported from other low and middle income countries. As in other settings, healthcare associated infections in India are associated with longer hospital stays, increased mortality, and added costs. The frequent use of indwelling devices is also reported, particularly in intensive care units, where one centre reported that over 70% of patients had indwelling devices in its intensive care unit for more than 48 hours. While microbiological confirmation of the healthcare associated infections was not a requirement in each of these reports, the data indicate that many of these infections were due to multidrug resistant pathogens, including meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp, and Acinetobacter spp.  Over the past several years, 40 private sector and academic hospitals in 20 cities in India have participated in surveillance through the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, which uses a standardized method, and case definitions for surveillance of healthcare associated infections. Their recent publication gives pooled rates of healthcare associated infections at participating sites for the years 2004-13 and compares these rates with reported benchmarks.

Infection prevention and control in India:Although hospital accreditation is not mandatory in India, groups like the autonomous National Accreditation Board of Hospitals and the National Health Mission’s National Health Systems Resource Centre have incorporated programmes on infection prevention and control, including surveillance of healthcare associated infections, as a core part of the review and certification process. At the national level, there has been growing recognition of the need for policy and guidance documents, and in 2016 the Indian Council of Medical Research released guidelines on infection prevention and control. In addition, as part of the national Swacch Bharat Abhiyan (clean India mission) the National Health Mission launched Kayakalp (clean hospital initiative), which aims to promote and reward cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control practices in public healthcare facilities.

Despite these initiatives, the successful implementation of an infection prevention and control programme in Indian healthcare settings faces some important challenges, including insufficient funding and human resources, hospital overcrowding, and low nurse-to-patient ratios even in intensive care units. Nevertheless, there is clear interest among doctors and other providers in healthcare facilities to improve infection prevention and control. Many facilities have started hospital infection control committees, although with varying effectiveness. Some institutes have also begun targeted infection control interventions, such as the use of infection prevention and control bundles to prevent surgical site infections and infections from indwelling devices. Data from a few facilities in India suggest that the implementation of such bundles is feasible and can reduce infection rates. Long term implementation of recommended procedures will require concerted efforts to strengthen infection prevention and control capacity among staff in healthcare settings. Thus, it is important to find ways to support standardized surveillance of healthcare associated infections in India .

New initiatives to address gaps in India:As part of the national response to AMR, the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Centre for Disease Control started AMR surveillance networks in 2013 and 2014, respectively. These surveillance efforts are an important part of the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s recently launched five year national action plan on AMR. The networks currently comprise 25 public and private sector hospital laboratories across the country that report antibiotic susceptibility data on important resistant pathogens. In 2015 the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Centre for Disease Control, with technical support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), helped their existing AMR networks begin programmes for the systematic assessment and improvement of infection prevention and control practices and the implementation of standardized surveillance of healthcare associated infection. The aim is to develop models that can serve as the basis for a sustainable Indian national network for standardised implementation, strengthening, and reporting of healthcare associated infections and infection prevention and control practices for the purposes of public health action.

In the current collaborations, a phased approach is being used to implement healthcare associated infection surveillance that is tied to strengthening related infection prevention and control practices and characterisation of resistance patterns among these infections. The expertise at facilities that are already conducting systematic surveillance of healthcare associated infections, such as the Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, has been used to develop protocols that will be applied across all network sites.

Way forward:Tackling AMR requires a multipronged effort. Healthcare associated infections and infection control are linked with other factors associated with the emergence of AMR. Inadequate infection prevention and control practices provide greater opportunities for new drug resistant infections to emerge in healthcare settings. In turn, a high incidence of such infections results in an increased demand for broad spectrum and reserve antibiotics, which also contributes to increased drug resistance. This inter-relation highlights the importance of strengthening infection prevention and control systems to control AMR.

The newly introduced activities for surveillance of healthcare associated infection and strengthening infection prevention and control are currently being conducted in a limited number of referral hospitals. As the AMR networks of the National Centre for Disease Control and the Indian Council of Medical Research expand these activities will be the basis of more robust and representative national surveillance of healthcare associated infections in public and private sector healthcare facilities across India. The data can be used to develop benchmarks for healthcare associated infections for India and to promote standardized reporting of healthcare associated infections from more healthcare facilities. In addition, there is scope to adapt these measures to establish and implement infection prevention and control programmes in regional and district hospitals in semi-urban and rural settings, where it is equally important to understand the burden and pattern of AMR.

Surveillance of healthcare associated infections and infection prevention and control programmes not only help tackle AMR but also contribute to overall patient safety. Incorporating the initiatives started by the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Centre for Disease Control within broader clinical care and patient safety initiatives—including accreditation and certification programmes implemented by the National Accreditation Board of Hospitals and the National Health Mission in India—provides a way to sustain surveillance of healthcare associated infections and infection prevention and control programmes as a routine part of clinical care. Data from many countries have shown that when governments and health system leaders take a leadership role in prioritizing healthcare associated infection surveillance and infection prevention and control efforts, major change can be achieved.  

 

 

Biography:

Abstract:

Zika, Ebola, Bird Flu, HIV, etc. are todays murderers. However, malaria is the ancient, todays and futures’ slaughterer. The main measures that are in action to minimize malarias distractions can be grouped into 3 options: prompting diagnoses and treatment with anti-malaria drugs; eliminating the vector by different measures; and preventing-vaccination.

By such measures the burden of malaria infection decreases, but yet not eradicated. Instead, may appear some genetically modified plasmodium and mosquito itself!

For postulating our new idea on minimizing such dangerous tendencies, since June 2016, through social media and seminar, we deal with stakeholders on the following: if anopheles couldn’t suck infected blood during its lifespan, it will die without transmitting the disease to a healthy person.

Hence, temporary dislocate the patient from the area, where the mosquito population is high, not only more effective than using only bed nets or killing the anopheles, but also gives extra dozens advantages. Half of them:

Controllable treatment

Skilling-training the patient for his futurity

Infectiously weakened person may have reliefs from his ridged situation - mostly a place where mosquito habitat is not suitable even for healthy people.

If dual strand phenomenon happens, patient’s condition will be worsening.

Consequences of plasmodium adaptation (modification) inside its host!

We should have to consider the right of non-infected people. They have also a right not to be infected by malaria!

Thus along with other methods of malaria control activities, we should try the mentioned new option.

During the presentation, we can show:

lack of sufficient awareness not only in developing countries but also of developed. 

Revealing the drawbacks of the above mentioned 3 options that world is using to eradicate  malaria

Drawbacks that are performed by NGOs (those who involve in malaria eradicating activities)

Detail plan of realizing our 4^th options project

propose 2-3 chemical agents, which may distract the life cycle of the vector

 

Biography:

Abstract:

Geohelmiths are mainly a health problem in developing    counties. Soil Transmitted Helminth well known of such  are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm. The soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are the world’s most important causes of physical and intellectual growth retardation Ascaris lumbricoides infection is one of the most common intestinal worm infections. High prevalence ascariasis in Indonesia  in rural areas with poor sanitation about 80%. Anthelminthic Resistance is a common problem in STH. Most available alternative therapy is derived from plants. The purpose of this study was to analyse the anthelmintic effect and potency of Gandarusa LeavesI Infusion (GLI), Pomegranate Skin Infuson (PSI) and Papaya Leaves infusion (PLI) againts Ascaris suum  Female In Vitro. Methodology was a Real laboratory exprimental research design using  960  female worms of Ascaris suum which were divided into 8 groups. The anthelmintic effect tested in vitro. The data measured is the number of death worms after incubated for 3 hours at a temperature of 37⁰C. The data of death worm were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with α = 0.05, if there are differences continued by Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). Results  The GLI, PLI and PSI were differed significantly when compared with negative control with p=0.000 and the Tukey HSD results showed GLI2, GLi3, PSI 2 were not significant when compared with positive control with the value of p >0.05). Conclusion All of GLI, PSI and PLI were have anthelmintic efectivity against Ascaris suum female in vitro and GLI2, GLi3, PSi2 were equivalent with positive control.